secondlanguage. Therefore, learners have to be able to gamble a bit, to be willing to try out hunches about the language and take the risk of risk taking both in the classroom and in natural settings. Individuals learning a secondlanguage can face other negative consequences if they make mistakes. Beebe(1983, p.40) described some of the negative ramifications that foster fear of risk taking bot
Acculturation hypothesis
“ the degree of acculturation toward the ‘model’ language group seems to be the primary consideration in attempting to account for the varied levels of linguistic achievement reached by secondlanguage learners”
Korean Wes
Literacy Ability (reading, writing) Grammar skill High Low
Communication skills
(listening, speaking) Low High
as cognitive style. When cognitive styles are specifically related an educational context, where affective and physiological factors are intermingled, they are usually more generally referred to as learning styles. Studies of learning style bring important variables to the forefront. Such styles can contribute significantly to the construction of a unified theory of secondlanguage acquisition.
Defining Motivation
How do you define motivation?
-> The extent to which you make choices about
(a) goals to pursue
(b) the effort you will
devote to that pursuit
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
The first language system interferes with the secondlanguage system.
Structural analysis on the two language would enable teachers to predict the difficulties in acquiring secondlanguage.
It is quite common to detect where the speaker is from just by listening to his/her accent.
e.g.) French
Ladies and gentlemen
language a convenient access to the world and this is one of the reasons why the government has put a great emphasis in English education. Developments in this area have been abundant and among them we can mention the establishment of the so-called “English Villages”, which shall be analyzed in this paper.
First, the concept and purposes of the English Villages will be introduced. Second, we
Subjunctive mood: What would you do if you were the young man?
These two major grammatical features, in contrast to functional features dealt in function, are mainly practiced in reading comprehension and writing task. Since reading passages and writing task are mainly focused in exercising the usage of subjunctive mood and to-infinitive, grammar is taking a significant portion in reading
The younger children is exposed to a richer secondlanguage environment
Being more comfortable using secondlanguage
The older children had to deal with many other subjects.
Being more comfortable using mother tongue
Younger child
Think with English
Speak with English
Older child
Think with First language
Speak with English
SecondLanguage) 상황, 즉 제2언어로서 영어를 학습하는 상황에서는 대부분 반 편성 평가(placement test)를 통하여 학습자의 능력에 따라 학급에 배정되기 때문에 능력별 수준별 교육은 이미 전제조건이 되어 있다. 따라서 ESL 상황에서 영어 교육에 대한 수준별 연구는 능력별 수준별 교육보다는 학생의 개인차
secondlanguage)상황과 EFL( English as a foreign language ) 상황은 판이하게 다르다고 볼 수 있는데 초등학교에서는 EFL 상황의 교육 여건이 고려된 효과적인 교수-학습 방법이 모색되어야 할 것이다.
이와 관련하여 외국어 교수법의 개선 방법으로 침투교육법(Immersion education) 은 실제 언어사용의 자연 환경을 최대